OSI Model Concepts

The standard model for networking protocols and distributed applications is the International Standard Organization's Open System Interconnect (ISO/OSI) model. It defines seven network layers.

Short for Open System Interconnection, an ISO standard for worldwide communications that defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy.

At one time, most vendors agreed to support OSI in one form or another, but OSI was too loosely defined and proprietary standards were too entrenched. Except for the OSI-compliant X.400 and X.500 e-mail and directory standards, which are widely used, what was once thought to become the universal communications standard now serves as the teaching model for all other protocols.

Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy.

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Topology refers to the way in which the network of computers is connected. Each topology is suited to specific tasks and has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The choice of topology is dependent upon

* type and number of equipment being used
* planned applications and rate of data transfers
* required response times
* cost

There are FOUR major competing topologies

* Bus
* Ring
* Star
* FDDI

Most networking software support all topologies.

router

A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect.

Routers use headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path for forwarding the packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts.

Very little filtering of data is done through routers.

networking definition

Net·work·ing (-wʉr′kiŋ)

noun

1. the developing of contacts or exchanging of information with others in an informal network, as to further a career
2. the interconnection, as over communication lines, of computer systems

Networking Usage Examples

Converse of object

• facilitate: A number of social events will be organized to facilitate networking.

Adjective modifier

• dial-up: Connecting to the Internet requires communication software called Dial-Up networking.

Modifies a noun

• opportunity: The evening should be a good networking opportunity for the region's artists.

Noun used with modifier

• wireless: For example, wireless networking removes the risk of tripping over loose computer cables.

networking usage examples (more)

The word usage examples above have been gathered from various sources to reflect current and historical usage. They do not represent the opinions of YourDictionary.com.